Wednesday, March 17, 2010

[EQ] Book Announcement: Health and Social Justice

Book Announcement

Health and Social Justice

by Jennifer Prah Ruger.
Foreword by Amartya Sen -  Oxford University Press. 2010

Website:  http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199559978.do

Introduction PDF available online [26p.] at: http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/13/9780199559978_prelim.pdf

“…….Societies make decisions and take actions that profoundly impact the distribution of health.
Why and how should collective choices be made, and policies implemented, to address health inequalities under conditions of resource scarcity?
How should societies conceptualize and measure health disparities, and determine whether they've been adequately addressed?
Who is responsible for various aspects of this important social problem? ….

The author elucidates principles to guide these decisions, the evidence that should inform them, and the policies necessary to build equitable and efficient health systems world-wide. This book weaves together original insights and disparate constructs to produce a foundational new theory, the health capability paradigm.

Ruger's theory takes the ongoing debates about the theoretical underpinnings of national health disparities and systems in striking new directions. It shows the limitations of existing approaches (utilitarian, libertarian, Rawlsian, communitarian), and effectively balances a consequentialist focus on health outcomes and costs with a proceduralist respect for individuals' health agency.

 

Through what Ruger calls shared health governance, it emphasizes responsibility and choice. It allows broader assessment of injustices, including attributes and conditions affecting individuals' "human flourishing," as well as societal structures within which resource distribution occurs.
Addressing complex issues at the intersection of philosophy, economics, and politics in health, this fresh perspective bridges the divide between the collective and the individual, between personal freedom and social welfare, equality and efficiency, and science and economics….”

Content:

Introduction

Part I: The Current Set of Ethical Frameworks

1. Approaches to Medical and Public Health Ethics

1.1. Welfare economic and utilitarian approaches

1.2. Communitarianism and liberal communitarianism

1.3. Egalitarian theories: equal opportunity and equal welfare

1.4. Libertarian and market-based approaches

1.5. Deliberative democratic procedures

1.6. Summary of problems with the current set of frameworks

Part II: An Alternative Account—The Health Capability Paradigm

2. Health and Human Flourishing

2.1. Aristotle’s theory

2.1.1. Human flourishing

2.1.2. Appropriate ends of political activity

2.1.3. Enabling functioning as a measure of political arrangements

2.1.4. Other ends for political action

2.1.5. Defining flourishing 47

2.2. The capability approach

2.2.1. Capability sets

2.2.2. Heterogeneity

2.2.3. Measures of well-being

2.2.4. Freedom: opportunity and process

2.2.5. Selection and valuation

2.2.6. Basic capabilities

2.2.7. An underspecified theory

2.3. Capability and health policy

3. Pluralism, Incompletely Theorized Agreements, and Public Policy

3.1. Social choice theory, collective rationality, and Arrow’s impossibility result

3.1.1. Problems in social choice

3.1.2. Arrow’s impossibility theorem

3.2. Incompletely theorized agreements

3.3. Incompletely specified agreements

3.4. Incompletely specified and generalized agreements

3.5. Incompletely theorized agreements on particular outcomes

3.6. Incompletely theorized agreements and public policy

3.7. Pluralism, ambiguity, and incompletely theorized agreements

3.8. Incompletely theorized agreements and health capability

3.9. Health capability set: central and non-central health capabilities

4. Justice, Capability, and Health Policy

4.1. Trans-positionality: a global view of health

4.1.1. Health capabilities: health functionings, health needs, and health agency

4.1.2. Health and disease

4.2. Equality, sufficiency, and priority

4.2.1. A hybrid account: measuring inequality in health policy

4.2.2. Attainment and shortfall equality

4.3. Efficiency and health policy

4.4. Ethics of the social determinants of health

4.5. Limitations and objections

4.5.1. Capability, not opportunity or utility

4.5.2. Other critiques and objections

4.6. Principles of the health capability paradigm

5. Grounding the Right to Health

5.1. Scope and content of a right to health

5.2. Duties and obligations in domestic and international policy and law: ethical commitments and public moral norms

5.3. Positive and negative rights: a constitutional right to medical self-defence

Part III: Domestic Health Policy Applications

6. A Health Capability Account of Equal Access

6.1. Rethinking equal access: agency, quality, and norms

6.1.1. Defining equal access and a right to health care

6.1.2. Equal opportunity and equal resources

6.1.3. Rethinking equal access: a health capability perspective

6.1.4. Justification for high-quality care

6.1.5. Health agency

6.1.6. Health norms

6.2. High-quality care and a two-tiered system

6.3. Responsibility and health: voluntary risk compared with involuntary risk

6.4. Paternalism, libertarian paternalism, and free will

7. A Health Capability Account of Equitable and Efficient Health Financing and Insurance

7.1. Theory of demand for health insurance

7.2. Behavioural economics and prospect theory

7.3. Medical ethics and equal access to health care

7.4. Welfare economics and the capability approach

7.5. Vulnerability and insecurity

7.6. Moral foundations of health insurance

7.7. Gains in well-being from risk pooling and health insurance

7.8. Empirical evidence on the equity of health financing models

7.9. Market failures, public goods, and the role of the public sector

 

8. Allocating Resources: A Joint Scientific and Deliberative Approach

8.1. Reasoned consensus through scientific and deliberative processes

8.2. Frameworks for combining technical and ethical rationality for collective choice

8.3. Allocations within the broader social budget

8.4. Allocating within the health policy budget: benefits package: types of goods and services guaranteed

8.5. An evidence-based approach: medical appropriateness and clinical practice guidelines

8.6. Medical futility and setting limits

8.7. Universal benefits package

8.8. Hard cases: the ‘bottomless pit objection’ and ‘reasonable accommodation’

8.9. Joint clinical and economic solutions: incorporating efficiency

8.10. Resource allocation and age: reaching the highest average life expectancy

Part IV: Domestic Health Reform

9. Political and Moral Legitimacy: A Normative Theory of Health Policy Decision-Making

9.1. Public moral norms and domestic health reforms

9.2. Norms and values in the public’s assessment of policy

9.3. Alternative frameworks: political conceptions and political processes

9.4. Case study: the Clinton Administration and failed health reform

9.5. A model of American health care reform and incomplete theorization

9.5.1. Agreement on universal health care coverage

9.5.2. Multiple high-level theories for universal coverage

9.5.3. Strategies for attaining universal coverage

9.6. A wedge theory of health care reform

9.7. Internalization and agreement on moral values

Conclusion

Bibliography

Book reviews: http://equity.posterous.com/book-announcement-health-and-social-justice-b

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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[EQ] Integration of Prenatal Care with the Testing and Treatment of HIV and Syphilis in Peru

Integration of Prenatal Care with the Testing and Treatment of HIV and Syphilis in Peru

by Arachu Castro and Utpal Sandesara
Program in Infectious Diseases and Social Change; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Socios En Salud – Lima Peru (2009) - 8.5 x 11 in. (21.6 x 29.7 cm.) 160 pages (80 Spanish and 80 English)

Integración de la Atención Prenatal con los Procesos de Detección y Manejo Clínico del VIH y de la Sífilis en el Perú /
PDF at http://www.pih.org/inforesources/books/Integration_prenatal_care_in_HIV_testing_&_treatment.pdf

Website: http://www.pih.org/where/Peru/Peru-info.html

“…This situation report is a collaboration among the National Health Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS of the Ministry of Health of Peru (MINSA), UNAIDS, UNICEF, Socios En Salud (SES or Partners In Health-Peru), and Harvard Medical School, with financial support provided by UNAIDS.
Based on interviews with key representatives of the Peruvian health system, members of advocacy groups, and representatives of people with HIV, the report's principal aims are to identify strengths and weaknesses in the diagnosis and management of HIV and syphilis during pregnancy and to propose intervention areas for improving prenatal care as an entry point for testing and treatment of HIV and syphilis for women in Peru…..’

Contents:
Introduction
Organization of the health system in Peru
Technical guidelines for the diagnosis of HIV and syphilis and financing system
Epidemiological indicators on prenatal care and on HIV and syphilis during pregnancy


Weaknesses in the health care system

                Problems in planning due to lack of complete data

                Problems in the procurement and financing of diagnostic tests

                Problems in the classification and procurement of antiretroviral drugs

                Late presentation for prenatal care

                Disarticulation of patient care during pregnancy

                Problems in laboratory turnaround time

                Delays in initiation of prophylaxis and treatment during pregnancy

        Problems in postpartum follow-up of women diagnosed with HIV or syphilis and of their newborns

                Attitudes of health care providers towards women diagnosed with HIV


Interventions developed to integrate prenatal care with the testing and treatment of HIV and syphilis

Areas identified for strengthening the integration of prenatal care with the testing and treatment of HIV and syphilis

References

Annexes

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
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[EQ] Tool on the Respect of Children's Rights in Hospital

The Final Report on the implementation process of the:
 Self-evaluation Model and Tool on the Respect of Children’s Rights in Hospital 

 

Task Force on Health Promotion for Children and Adolescents in and by Hospitals and Health Services
 International Network of Health Promoting Hospitals and Health Services

Florence Italy - -  January 2010

PDF available to download at:

http://www.who-cc.dk/library/Task%20Force%20HPH-CA.Final%20Report%20SEMT.pdf/attachment_download/file

 

Website: http://bit.ly/9PvwEz

“……The Final Report on the implementation process of the Self-evaluation Model and Tool on the Respect of Children’s Rights in Hospital developed

and promoted by the Task Force on Health Promotion for Children and Adolescents in and by Hospitals and Health Services (Task Force HPH-CA) presents the results of self-evaluation in a select group of 17 hospitals. Specifically, the report demonstrates the main findings, work methodologies, good practices and challenges identified, as well as the value in assessing and comparing the respect of children's rights in the hospital and overall healthcare setting….”


Content:

Introduction and Background



 
1. THE PROCESS: the pilot-implementation in a select group of paediatric hospitals/departments
1.1 Process Overview 
1.2 Hospital/Departments participating in the implementation process
1.3 Work methodologies
1.4 Lessons learned about the implementation process of the Self-evaluation Model and Tool
1.5. A note on child participation   


2. THE OUTCOMES: Findings and comments
2.1 Part I: Status of children’s rights in hospital
2.2 Part II: Overall results of the implementation of the Self-evaluation Model and Tool in the participating hospitals


AREA 1. Right to the highest attainable standard of health care.
AREA 2. Right to information and participation in all decisions involving their health care.
AREA 3. Right to protection from all forms of violence


3. CONCLUSION


Appendix 1. Brief description of the participating hospitals and partner organisations
Appendix 2. Sample Local Report



 
Dr. Fabrizio Simonelli, Head, Health Promotion Programme
WHO Collaborating Centre for Health Promotion Capacity Building in Child and Adolescent Health
A.Meyer University Children's Hospital - Firenze (IT) http://who.collaboratingcentre.meyer.it
 
 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAHO/WHO Website
Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
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    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

[EQ] Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group: New protocols, reviews and updates

The following new protocols, reviews and updates were published in Issue 3, 2010 - The Cochrane Library
Submitted by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group

Protocols:
Kiwanuka SN, Kinengyere AA, Nalwadda C, Ssengooba F, Okui O, Pariyo GW.
Effects of interventions to manage dual practice.  
http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD008405/frame.html


Reviews:
Rotter T, Kinsman L, James E, Machotta A, Gothe H, Willis J, Snow P, Kugler J.
Clinical pathways: effects on professional practice, patient outcomes, length of stay and hospital costs. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD006632/frame.html


van Wyk BE, Pillay-Van Wyk V
Preventive staff-support interventions for health workers.
http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD003541/frame.html


Review Updates:
Flodgren G, Deane K, Dickinson HO, Kirk S, Alberti H, Beyer FR, Brown JG, Penney TL, Summerbell CD, Eccles MP.
Interventions to change the behaviour of health professionals and the organisation of care to promote weight reduction in overweight and obese people. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD000984/frame.html

Lewin S, Munabi-Babigumira S, Glenton C, Daniels K, Bosch-Capblanch X, van Wyk BE, Odgaard-Jensen J, Johansen M, Aja GN, Zwarenstein M, Scheel IB.
Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious diseases. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD004015/frame.html

 
Baker R, Camosso-Stefinovic J, Gillies C, Shaw EJ, Cheater F, Flottorp S, Robertson N.
Tailored interventions to overcome identified barriers to change: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD005470/frame.html


Systematic Reviews constitute the best-available evidence on a topic
The research has been identified, selected, appraised and synthesized in a systematic and transparent way to inform decision-making.

Find systematic reviews at:

·          The Cochrane Library:
 www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clabout/titles/crglist.html

·          Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group
http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clabout/titles/crglist.html

·          McMaster Health Forum – Health Systems Evidence
http://www.healthsystemsevidence.org
From Lori Greco, Knowledge Broker, Canadian Cochrane Centre Policy Liaison Office, McMaster University

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KMC Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Equity List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html
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    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.