Wednesday, April 30, 2008

[EQ] Global trends in emerging infectious diseases

Global trends in emerging infectious diseases

Kate E. Jones1, Nikkita G. Patel2, Marc A. Levy3, Adam Storeygard3,5, Deborah Balk3,5, John L. Gittleman4 & Peter Daszak2

1.Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London,  UK
2.Consortium for Conservation Medicine, Wildlife Trust, New York, USA
3.Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York  USA
4.Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia,  USA
5. Present addresses: Department of Economics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA (A.S.); School of Public Affairs, Baruch College, City
University of New York

Nature, 21 Feb. 2008, 451, pp. 990-993.

“….Resources to Counter Infectious Diseases Poorly Allocated, Study Shows. …”

Available online at: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v451/n7181/full/nature06536.html

“…..Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a significant burden on global economies and public health1, 2, 3. Their emergence is thought to be driven largely by socio-economic, environmental and ecological factors1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, but no comparative study has explicitly analysed these linkages to understand global temporal and spatial patterns of EIDs. Here we analyse a database of 335 EID 'events' (origins of EIDs) between 1940 and 2004, and demonstrate non-random global patterns. EID events have risen significantly over time after controlling for reporting bias, with their peak incidence (in the 1980s) concomitant with the HIV pandemic.

 

EID events are dominated by zoonoses (60.3% of EIDs): the majority of these (71.8%) originate in wildlife (for example, severe acute respiratory virus, Ebola virus), and are increasing significantly over time. We find that 54.3% of EID events are caused by bacteria or rickettsia, reflecting a large number of drug-resistant microbes in our database. Our results confirm that EID origins are significantly correlated with socio-economic, environmental and ecological factors, and provide a basis for identifying regions where new EIDs are most likely to originate (emerging disease 'hotspots').

 

They also reveal a substantial risk of wildlife zoonotic and vector-borne EIDs originating at lower latitudes where reporting effort is low. We conclude that global resources to counter disease emergence are poorly allocated, with the majority of the scientific and surveillance effort focused on countries from where the next important EID is least likely to originate….”

 

 

 

 *      *      *     *

This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KM
S Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PAHO/WHO Website: http://www.paho.org/

EQUITY List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html

 

 

 

 

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

[EQ] The U.S. Commitment to Global Health

The U.S. Commitment to Global Health


Institute of Medicine, March , 2008

 

Website: http://www.iom.edu/?ID=51303

 

“….The Institute of Medicine’s Board on Global Health is organizing a 14-month consensus study to examine and articulate the case for why multiple agencies from government and the private sector in the U.S. should make a deeper commitment to global health. This study aspires to be a broader and more complete exploration of the subject than the 1997 IOM report, America’s Vital Interest in Global Health.

 

The first meeting of the Committee on the U.S. Commitment to Global Health was held on March 24, 2008. The meeting was open to the public and included presentations from the study sponsors and other eminent figures in global health. Speaker presentations and audio files can be accessed through the links below….”

 

COMMITTEE ON THE U.S. COMMITMENT TO GLOBAL HEALTH

SCHEDULED PROGRAM


Welcome
Ambassador Thomas R. Pickering, Co-Chair

Dr. Harold E. Varmus, Co-Chair


Opening Addresses
Dr. Elias A. Zerhouni, Director, U.S. National Institutes of Health

Dr. Paula J. Dobriansky, Under Secretary of State for Democracy and Global Affairs, U.S. Department of State


Open Discussion
Dr. Roger I. Glass Committee Charge Director, Fogarty International Center, U.S. National Institutes of Health with Sponsors
Ambassador Don Mahley Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Threat Reduction, Export  Sponsor Controls, and Negotiations (ISN/TRECN) , U.S. Department of State

Dr. Ariel Pablos-Mendez Managing Director, Rockefeller Foundation


Q & A
Dr. Mark Feinberg Vice President, Medical Affairs and Policy, Merck Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc.

Mr. William H. Lyerly, Jr. Director of International Affairs, Special Assistant for Global Health Security to the Assistant Secretary for Health Affairs, U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Ms. Alison Kelly, Chief for Strategy and Innovation, Coordinating Office for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Mr. Todd Summers Senior Program Officer for Global Health Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation


Panel Presentations
Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg, moderator President, Institute of Medicine

Ambassador Mark R. Dybul, Global AIDS Coordinator, U.S. Department of State

Ms. Laurie Garrett, Senior Fellow for Global Health, Council on Foreign Relations

Dr. Alfred Sommer Professor, Dean Emeritus, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

 

Concluding remarks by Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, Director, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health

 

 

Resources & Links

 

Meeting Agenda

Audio - EZerhouni

Audio - RGlass

Audio - DMahley

Audio - APablos-Mendez

Audio - MFeinberg

Audio - WLyerly

Audio - AKelly

Audio - TSummers

Sponsor Q&A

Audio - MDybul

Audio - LGarrett

Audio - ASommer

Audio - AFauci

Panel Q&A

Presentation - RGlass

Presentation - APablo-Mendez

Presentation - WLyerly

Presentation - AKelly

Presentation - MDybul

Presentation - LGarrett

Presentation - ASommer

Presentation - AFauci

 

 

 *      *      *     *

This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KM
S Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PAHO/WHO Website: http://www.paho.org/

EQUITY List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html

 

 

 

 

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.