Friday, April 11, 2008

[EQ] Global Monitoring Report 2008

Global Monitoring Report 2008

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank – April, 8 2008

Full report available online [290p.] at:
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGLOMONREP2008/Resources/4737994-1207342962709/8944_Web_PDF.pdf

A new World Bank-IMF report warns that most countries will fall short on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a set of eight globally agreed development goals with a due date of 2015.

Though much of the world is set to cut extreme poverty in half by then, prospects are gravest for the goals of reducing child and maternal mortality. Serious shortfalls also likely in primary school completion, nutrition, and sanitation goals.
 
The report also stresses the link between environment and development and calls for urgent action on climate change. To build on hard-won gains, developing countries need support to address the links between growth, development and environmental sustainability. 

Web site: http://go.worldbank.org/J20HF0QLL0

 

COMPLETE REPORT AS ONE FILE
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FOREWORD AND OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT
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PDFFull Text 

PDFForeword

PDFOverview

PART I:
MONITORING THE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
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PART II: 
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
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 Introduction to Part I

 Introduction to Part II

CHAPTER 1: Sustaining and Broadening the Growth Momentum

 

CHAPTER 6: Ensuring Environmental Sustainability at the National Level

 

Strong and inclusive growth is central to achieving the MDGs...

 

Examining pollution, depletion of natural resources (including forests, water, land)...

 

PDFChapter

Fact Sheet 

PDFChapter 

 Fact Sheet

CHAPTER 2: Achieving Better Results in Human Development

 

CHAPTER 7: Global Environmental Sustainability: Protecting the Commons

 

Progress toward the human development MDGs must be expedited to avoid serious shortfalls...

 

Avoiding climate change, protecting biodiversity, ensuring sustainability of marine fisheries...

 

PDFChapter

Fact Sheet

PDFChapter

Fact Sheet

CHAPTER 3: Scaling Up Aid: Opportunities and Challenges in a Changing Aid Architecture

 

ANNEX: MONITORING THE MDGs:
SELECTED INDICATORS

 

The global aid landscape is undergoing profound changes...  

 

Brief updates on all the eight Millennium Development Goals...

 

PDFChapter

Fact Sheet

 PDFChapter 

CHAPTER 4: Harnessing Trade for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth

 

References
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Expansion in world trade has been a powerful force boosting global economic growth...

 

 PDFChapter  

PDFChapter 

Fact Sheet 

 

CHAPTER 5: Leveraging Through the International Financial Institutions

 

 

How should IFIs strengthen and sharpen support for inclusive and sustainable development?

 

 

PDFChapter 

Fact Sheet 

 

 

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
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[EQ] Hunger and Malnutrition - Copenhagen Consensus 2008 Challenge

Hunger and Malnutrition

 

Sue Horton, Vice-President Academic, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo Canada

Harold Alderman, Social Protection Advisor – Africa Region World Bank, Washington DC, USA

Juan A. Rivera, Director, Center for Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute Public Health, Mexico

Copenhagen Consensus 2008 Challenge Paper - March 6, 2008

 

Available online as PDF file [ 40p.] at: http://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/Admin/Public/DWSDownload.aspx?File=%2fFiles%2fFiler%2fCC08%2fPapers%2fOfficial+papers%2fCopenhagen_Consensus_2008_-_hunger_and_malnutrition.pdf

 

“……..Despite significant reductions in income poverty in recent years, undernutrition remains widespread. Recent estimates published in the Lancet (Black et al 2008) suggest that “maternal and child undernutrition is the underlying cause of 3.5 million deaths, 35% of the disease burden in children younger than 5 years, and 11% of total global DALY’s” (Disability-Adjusted Life Years). Undernutrition can be indicated both by anthropometric indices (underweight, stunting and wasting) and with missing micronutrients in poor quality diets.

 

Undernutrition in turn has negative effects on income and on economic growth. Undernutrition leads to increased mortality and morbidity which lead to loss of economic output and increased spending on health. Poor nutrition means that individuals are less productive (both due to physical and mental impairment), and that children benefit less from education. The previous 2004 Copenhagen Consensus paper on the topic discusses these mechanisms in detail (Behrman, Alderman and Hoddinott, 2004, hereafter BAH 2004).

 

Reducing undernutrition is one of the Millennium Goals (Goal 1 aims to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger), and is also a key factor underpinning several others. Achieving goals in primary education, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases all depend crucially on nutrition.

 

There are cost-effective interventions for improving nutrition. Section I below discusses the challenge in more detail, section II describes four priority solutions, section III undertakes more detailed economic analysis of these solutions, and the fourth and final section discusses the implications of the analysis….”

 

Copenhagen Consensus 2008

The best solutions to 10 of the world's biggest challenges
Copenhagen, May, 2008

CCC's core project,Copenhagen Consensus 2008 (CC08), is funded by The Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Website: http://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/Default.aspx?ID=953

More than 55 international economists, including 5 Nobel Laureates, will assess more than 50 solutions and assemble a list of priorities for everyone involved in solving the world's biggest challenges.

The global challenges being adressed in the Copenhagen Consensus 2008 are: Air pollution, subsidies and trade barriers, malnutrition and hunger, conflicts, terrorism, global warming, diseases, water and sanitation, education and women and development

 

10 Challenges – Authors

 

Air Pollution

Bjorn Larsen, Consultant
Guy Hutton, Project Manager 
Neha Khanna, Associate Professor
 

Conflicts

Paul Collier, Professor and Director
Lisa Chauvat, Ph.D
HÃ¥vard Hegre, Research Professor

 

Diseases

Dean Jamison, Senior Fellow, Ph.D
Prabhat Jha, Professor
David Bloom, Professor
 

Education

Peter F. Orazem, Professor, Ph.D
Paul Glewwe, Professor
H. Anthony Patrinos, Lead Economist
 

Global Warming

Gary Yohe , M.Phil, Ph.D
Richard S.J. Tol, Adjunct professor 
Richard Richels, Director
 

Malnutrition and Hunger

Susan Horton, Professor, Ph.D
Juan Rivera, Professor, Director
Harold Alderman, Lead Economist
 

Sanitation and Water

 

Dale Whittington, Professor, Ph.D
W. Michael Hanemann, Chancellor’s Professor
Claudia Sadoff, Lead Economist
 

Subsidies and Trade Barriers

Kym Anderson, George Gollin Professor, Ph.D
L. Alan Winters, Professor



 

Terrorism

Todd Sandler, Vibhooti Shukla Professor, Ph.D
Daniel G. Arce, Robert D. McCallum Professor
Walter Enders, Bidgood Chair of Economics & Finance

 

Women and Development

Elizabeth King, Research manager, Ph.D
Stephan Klasen, Professor
Maria Porter, Post-doctoral fellow

 

 

 

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KM
S Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.

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[EQ] Countdown to 2015: a report card on maternal, newborn, and child survival

Countdown to 2015: a report card on maternal, newborn, and child survival

Richard Horton, The Lancet
The Lancet,  Volume 371, Number 9620, 12 April 2008 [Free subscription required]

Website: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673608605334/fulltext

 “…..The four papers published this week—on coverage,1 equity,2 financing,3 and policy,4 informed by the two detailed country analyses from South Africa5 and Tanzania6—provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive scientific assessment yet of progress towards international goals for reducing maternal, newborn, and child mortality. They represent a substantial step forward in scope and outcomes from the first Countdown report, presented in London in 2005.7,8 Concerted global action on maternal, newborn, and child survival, together with a renewed commitment to reproductive health, all triggered by this unprecedented collaboration between scientists, agencies, and civil society, has mobilised a new era of international and country action to address these neglected aspects of human health.9

Coverage:
Countdown to 2015 for maternal, newborn, and child survival: the 2008 report on tracking coverage of interventions
Countdown Coverage Writing Group on behalf of the Countdown to 2015 Core Group
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673608605590/fulltext

Financing:
Countdown to 2015: assessment of donor assistance to maternal, newborn, and child health between 2003 and 2006

Giulia Greco,  Timothy Powell-Jackson , Josephine Borghi  and Prof Anne Mills
Health Economics and Financing Programme, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673608605619/fulltext


Health Policy
Assessment of the health system and policy environment as a critical complement to tracking intervention coverage for maternal, newborn, and child health
Countdown Working Group on Health Policy and Health Systems
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673608605632/fulltext

Equity:
Mind the gap:  equity and trends in coverage of maternal, newborn, and child health services in 54 Countdown countries

Countdown 2008 Equity Analysis Group
The Lancet,  Volume 371, Number 9620, 12 April 2008

Website: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673608605607/fulltext  [Free subscription required]

Background

Increasing the coverage of key maternal, newborn, and child health interventions is essential if Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 4 and 5 are to be reached. We have assessed equity and trends in coverage rates of a key set of interventions through a summary index, to provide overall insight into past performance and progress perspectives.

Methods

Data from household surveys from 54 countries in the Countdown to 2015 for Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival initiative during 1990–2006 were used to compute an aggregate coverage index based on four intervention areas: family planning, maternal and newborn care, immunisation, and treatment of sick children. The four areas were given equal weight in the computation of the index. Standard measures were applied to assess current levels and trends in the coverage gap measure by wealth quintile.

Findings

The overall size of the coverage gap ranged from less than 20% in Tajikistan and Peru to over 70% in Ethiopia and Chad, with a mean of 43% for the most recent surveys in the 54 countries. Large intracountry differences were noted, with a country mean coverage gap of 54% for the poorest quintiles of the population and 29% for the wealthiest. Differences between the poorest and the wealthiest were largest for the maternal and newborn health intervention area and smallest for immunisation. In 40 countries with more than one survey, the coverage gap had decreased by an average of 0.9 percentage points per year since the early 1990s. Declines greater than 2 percentage points per year were seen in only three countries after 1995: Cambodia, Mozambique, and Nepal. Country inequity patterns were remarkably persistant over time, with only gradual changes from top inequity (disproportionately smaller gap for the wealthiest) in countries with coverage gaps exceeding 40%, to linear patterns and bottom inequity (disproportionately greater gap for the poorest) in surveys with gaps below 40%.

Interpretation

Despite most Countdown countries having made gradual progress since 1990, coverage gaps for key interventions remain wide and, in most such countries, the pace of decline needs to be more than doubled to reach levels of coverage of these and other interventions needed in the context of MDG 4 and 5. In general, in-country patterns of inequality are consistant and change only gradually if at all, which has implications for the targeting of interventions.

 

This paper was produced by the Countdown 2008 Equity Analysis Group: J Ties Boerma (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland); Jennifer Bryce (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA); Yohannes Kinfu (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland); Henrik Axelson (Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Geneva Switzerland); Cesar G Victora (Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil). All authors contributed to the conceptualisation, analysis, and drafting of the paper. The Equity Analysis Group is a subgroup of the Countdown 2008 Equity Working Group, which included Henrik Axelson, Stan Bernstein, Ties Boerma, Betty Kirkwood, and Cesar Victora (chair).

 

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ KM
S Area]

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.

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