Thursday, September 27, 2007

[EQ] Financial resource requirements for AIDS

Financial Resources Required to Achieve Universal Access to HIV Prevention, Treatment, Care and Support

UNAIDS, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS,  September 26, 2007

Cosponsors include UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, ILO, UNESCO, WHO and the World Bank. Based in Geneva, the UNAIDS secretariat works on the ground in more than 75 countries world wide.

Available online as PDF file [36p.] at: http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2007/20070925_advocacy_grne2_en.pdf

UNAIDS has released a new report on the estimated financial resources required for the AIDS response. The report, puts forward three different approaches to financing the AIDS response including:

Scaling-up at current rates. This approach would require between US$ 14 to US$ 18 billion and would provide treatment for 8 million people by 2015.

Universal Access by 2010. This approach envisages significant increases in available resources and an urgent and dramatic scale-up of coverage in all countries. The approach would provide treatment for 14 million people by 2010 and would require between US$ 32 to US$51 billion. In 2015 the approach would require between US$ 45 and US$63 billion.

Phased scale-up to 2015. This approach assumes different rates of scale-up for each country based on current service coverage and capacity, with the achievement of different programmatic targets at different times and the achievement of universal access by all countries by 2015. The approach would require between US$ 41 and US$ 58 billion in 2015.

The estimates provided in the report, developed for 132 low- and middle-income countries, were based on the type of epidemic and nationally established targets using the latest available data.  From: Izazola, Jose Antonio [izazolaj@unaids.org] http://www.unaids.org/en/MediaCentre/PressMaterials/FeatureStory/20070925_Resources_needs.asp

 

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[EQ] Education at a Glance 2007 - OECD INDICATORS

          Education at a Glance 2007 - OECD INDICATORS

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development - September 2007

Available online PDF [451p.] at: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/4/55/39313286.pdf

Governments are paying increasing attention to international comparisons as they search for effective policies that enhance individuals’ social and economic prospects, provide incentives for greater efficiency in schooling, and help to mobilise resources to meet rising demands. As part of its response, the OECD Directorate for Education devotes a major effort to the development and analysis of the quantitative, internationally comparable indicators that it publishes annually in Education at a Glance.

These indicators enable educational policy makers and practitioners alike to see their education systems in the light of other countries’ performances and, together with OECD’s country policy reviews, are designed to support and review the efforts that governments are making towards policy reform.

The main areas covered are:

- Participation and achievement in education
- Public and private spending on education
- The state of lifelong learning
- Conditions for pupils and teachers

The 2007 edition investigates the effects of expanding tertiary education on labour markets. Graduation rates from higher education have grown significantly in OECD countries in recent decades, but has the increasing supply of well-educated workers been matched by the creation of high-paying jobs? Or will everyone with a university degree some day work for the minimum wage?

Complete executive summary

Multilingual summaries

Chinese  Czech  Danish  Dutch  German
 Greek  Finnish  Hungarian  Icelandic  Italian
Japanese  Korean  Norwegian  Polish Portuguese
 Russian  Slovak  Spanish  Swedish Turkish

Website: http://www.oecd.org/document/30/0,3343,en_2649_39263294_39251550_1_1_1_1,00.html
 

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
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[EQ] Legal Aspects of HIV/AIDS- A Guide for Policy and Law Reform

 
          Legal Aspects of HIV/AIDS - A Guide for Policy and Law Reform

Lance Gable, Katharina Gamharter, Lawrence O. Gostin, James G. Hodge, Jr., Rudolf V. Van Puymbroeck
Global HIV/AIDS Program and Legal Vice Presidency - The World Bank, 2007

Available online as PDF file [250p.] at:
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTHIVAIDS/Resources/375798-1103037153392/LegalAspectsOfHIVAIDS.pdf

"......Dealing successfully with HIV/AIDS cuts across almost all areas of government responsibility, and as the breadth of the 65 topics included in the Guide shows, there are many ways in which laws and regulations can either underpin or undermine good public health programs and responsible personal behaviors.

The Guide indicates that statutes relating to many areas of human endeavor—from intimate private conduct to international travel—can contribute to stigma, discrimination, and exclusion or, contrariwise, can avoid and help remedy these inequities. Thus, in order to create a supportive legal framework it is important that governments identify and address effectively any gaps or other problematic aspects of their legislation and regulatory systems...."

Content:

Section 1 Public Health Policies and Practices
1.1 Surveillance, Screening, and Testing for HIV and AIDS
1.2 Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV
(PMTCT)
1.3 Disclosure of HIV Information
1.4 Partner Notification: The Responsibility of the Patient
1.5 Partner Notification: The Duty of the Physician or Counselor
1.6 Partner Notification: The Powers of Government Agencies
1.7 Isolation and Quarantine
1.8 Blood/Tissue/Organ Supply
1.9 Universal Infection Control Precautions
1.10 Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
1.11 Access to the Technical Means of Prevention
(Condoms)
1.12 Male Circumcision

Section 2 People Living with HIV: Discrimination
2.1 Protection Against Discrimination Based on
HIV Status or Health Status
2.2 Antidiscrimination Protection under Disability Laws
2.3 The Workplace: Testing at Recruitment and Mandatory Testing
During Employment
2.4 The Workplace: Denial of Employment
2.5 The Workplace: Differential Treatment
2.6 The Workplace: Disclosure and Confidentiality
2.7 Health Care: Refusal to Treat
2.8 Health Care: Differential Treatment
2.9 Issues at the Border: Travel and Immigration Restrictions
2.10 Issues at the Border: Refugees and Asylum
2.11 Discrimination in Public and Private Benefits

Section 3 Disclosure and Exposure
3.1 Duty to Disclose HIV Status to Partner
3.2 Negligent or Willful Exposure or Transmission

Section 4 Injecting Drug Use
4.1 Access to Clean Needles and Drug Paraphernalia Laws
4.2 Needle/Syringe Exchange Programs
4.3 Drug Substitution Programs
4.4 International Drug Conventions: Punitive v. Public Health
Approach

Section 5 Sex Work
5.1 Criminal Statutes on Sex Work
5.2 Vague Criminal Statutes and Police Harassment
5.3 Regulatory Regimes (Labor, Health, Occupational Safety)
5.4 100% Condom Use Programs
5.5 Trafficking of Women for Sex Work

Section 6 Men Having Sex with Men
6.1 Gender Orientation in General Antidiscrimination Statutes
6.2 Sexual Offenses
6.3 Vague or Overbroad Criminal Statutes and Police
Harassment
6.4 Rights of Association and Expression

Section 7 Women
7.1 Access to Medical Treatment
7.2 Property Ownership and Inheritance
7.3 Marital Rape
7.4 Reproductive Rights
7.5 Sexual Harassment and Violence
7.6 Traditional Practices

Section 8 Children
8.1 Orphans, Inheritance, Birth Registration, Caregivers
8.2 Discrimination in Education
8.3 Sexual Abuse, Legal Age, Child Marriage
8.4 Sexual and Economic Exploitation

Section 9 Clinical Research
9.1 Nondiscrimination in Selection of Research Subjects
9.2 Informed Consent
9.3 Confidentiality
9.4 Equitable Access to Information and Benefits
9.5 Ethics Boards

Section 10 Information
10.1 Informational and Educational Material; Censorship
10.2 Regulation of NGOs

Section 11 Access to Medicines
11.1 Patented and Generic Drugs: Overview
11.2 WTO Members: Special Considerations under the
TRIPS Agreement
11.3 Parallel Importing, Exhaustion of Patent Rights,
Differential Pricing
11.4 Free Trade Agreements: Special Considerations

Section 12 World Bank Policies and Procedures
12.1 IDA Grants for HIV and AIDS Projects
12.2 OP/BP 4.01 and Medical Waste Management
12.3 OP/BP 4.10 and Indigenous Peoples in HIV and
AIDS Projects
12.4 Communities and CBOs: Fiduciary Issues
12.5 Procurement of Pharmaceutical Products
12.6 Procurement of Condoms

Lance Gable is Assistant Professor of Law at Wayne State University Law School and Scholar at the Center for Law and the Public’s Health at Georgetown and Johns Hopkins Universities. He is co-editor (with David Buchanan and Celia Fisher) of Ethical and Legal Issues in Research with High Risk Populations: Addressing Threats of Suicide, Child Abuse, and Violence (forthcoming 2007).

Katharina Gamharter is Counsel/Legal Associate in the Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development and International Law Practice Group of the World Bank’s Legal Vice Presidency. She is the author of Access to Affordable Medicines: Developing Responses under the TRIPS Agreement and EC Law (Springer 2004) .

Lawrence O. Gostin is Associate Dean for Research and Academic Programs and Professor of Law at Georgetown University Law Center, Director of the Center for Law and the Public’s Health at Georgetown and Johns Hopkins Universities, Professor of Law and Public Health at the Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Visiting Professor of Public Health at the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Oxford University. He is Member of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences (lifetime), Editor (Health Law and Ethics), Journal of the American Medical Association, Co-Editor, Georgetown University Press book series, Ethics, Health, and Public Policy, and a member of the Editorial Board or Editorial Advisory Board of 20 professional journals. He is the author of The AIDS Pandemic: Complacency, Injustice, and Unfulfilled Expectations (U. of North Carolina Press 2004).

James G. Hodge is Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Executive Director, Center for Law and the Public’s Health at Georgetown and Johns Hopkins Universities, Core Faculty, Berman Bioethics Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Adjunct Faculty, Georgetown University Law Center.

Rudolf V.Van Puymbroeck,  formerly Lead Counsel, Public Health and HIV/AIDS, Legal Advisory Services, World Bank Legal Vice Presidency, is currently an independent adviser on health law and international development.

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ IKM Area] 

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.

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    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.