Wednesday, September 26, 2007

[EQ] How to Build M&E Systems to Support Better Government

           How to Build M&E Systems to Support Better Government

 

Keith Mackay, Senior Evaluation Officer, Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2007

 

Available online as PDF file [172p.] at:

http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/oed/oeddoclib.nsf/DocUNIDViewForJavaSearch/E58A95EC2BF96E378525731D00668AD3/$file/building_monitoring_and_evaluation_systems.pdf

 

“……A growing number of governments are working to improve their performance by creating systems to measure and help them understand their performance. These systems for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are used to measure the quantity, quality, and targeting of the goods and services? the outputs? that the state provides and to measure the outcomes and impacts resulting from these outputs. These systems are also a vehicle to facilitate understanding of the causes of good and poor performance.

 

There are many reasons for the increasing efforts to strengthen government M&E systems. Fiscal pressures and ever-rising expectations from ordinary citizens provide a continuing impetus for governments to provide more government services and with higher standards of quality.  ...."

 

  

Content:

1 Introduction

PART I—WHAT DO MONITORING AND EVALUATION HAVE TO OFFER GOVERNMENTS?

2 What Is M&E?—An M&E Primer

3 Contribution of M&E to Sound Governance

4 Key Trends Influencing Countries—Why Countries Are Building M&E Systems

PART II—SOME COUNTRY EXPERIENCE

5 Good Practice Countries—What Does “Success” Look Like?

6 Chile

7 Colombia

8 Australia

9 The Special Case of Africa

PART III—LESSONS

10 Building Government M&E Systems—Lessons from Experience

11 Incentives for M&E—How to Create Demand

PART IV—HOW TO STRENGTHEN A GOVERNMENT M&E SYSTEM

12 The Importance of Country Diagnosis

13 Preparing Action Plans

PART V—REMAINING ISSUES

14 Frontier Issues

15 Concluding Remarks

PART VI—Q&A: COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Annexes

A: Lessons on How to Ensure Evaluations Are Influential

B: A Country Diagnosis—The Example of Colombia

C: Terms of Reference for an In-Depth Diagnosis of Colombia’s M&E System

D: Evaluation of IEG’s Support for Institutionalizing M&E Systems

E: Glossary of Key Terms in M&E

Endnotes

Bibliography

 

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This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate 
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic 
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and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.

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[EQ] Health Targets: Moving towards healthier futures

          Health Targets: Moving towards healthier futures 2007/08

August 2007 Wellington: Ministry of Health.

 
"........ the New Zealand health sector is implementing Health Targets to focus resources and improve performance in 10 key areas. District Health Boards are working with the Ministry of Health to set and achieve them, and in so doing will contribute to overall improvement in the health of New Zealanders and reducing inequalities.

The 10 Health Target areas for 2007/08 will help us measure progress against achieving the Government's priority areas for health improvement. Along with addressing inequalities across population groups, improving Ma¯ori health and improving access for populations living with disabilities, these priority areas are:

• getting ahead of the chronic disease burden
• child and youth services
• primary health care
• health of older people
• elective services
• infrastructure
• value for money.

The selection of the specific targets within these priority areas was based on the principle that achieving the targets will make a significant contribution to improving health outputs or outcomes in these areas. There is enough detailed information available to allow that performance to be measured...."

Health Targets:

Target 1:   Improving immunisation coverage
Target 2:   Improving oral health
Target 3:   Improving elective services
Target 4:   Reducing cancer waiting times
Target 5:   Reducing ambulatory sensitive (avoidable) hospital admissions
Target 6:   Improving diabetes services
Target 7:   Improving mental health services
Target 8:   Improving nutrition, increasing physical activity, reducing obesity
Target 9:   Reducing the harm caused by tobacco
Target 10: Reducing the percentage of the health budget spent on the Ministry of Health

 

 

*...*...*...*...*...*     
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ IKM Area] 

"Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members".

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    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.  

[EQ] Promoting safety of medicines for children

          Promoting safety of medicines for children

World Health Organization (WHO), September 2007

Available online PDF [64p.] at: http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/Promotion_safe_med_childrens.pdf

".....The lack of thorough and reliable clinical data on the way medicines affect children requires strengthened safety monitoring and vigilance of medicinal products. This is the fundamental message of Promoting safety of medicines for children.

The publication gives an overview of the problem and offers solutions on how best to address side effects from medicines in children; namely, through improved reporting systems and collaboration between governments, regulatory authorities, research institutions and the pharmaceutical industry..."

"......Monitoring the safety of medicine use in children is of paramount importance since, during the clinical development of medicines, only limited data on this
aspect are generated through clinical trials. Use of medicines outside the specifications described in the licence (e.g. in terms of formulation, indications,
contraindications or age) constitutes off-label and off-licence use and these are a major area of concern.

These guidelines are intended to improve awareness of medicine safety issues among everyone who has an interest in the safety of medicines in children and
to provide guidance on effective systems for monitoring medicine safety in the pediatric populations. The document will be of interest to all health-care
professionals, medicine regulatory authorities, pharmacovigilance centres, academia, the pharmaceutical industry and policy-makers.

Systems for monitoring medicine safety are described in Annex 1 - Pharmacovigilance methods and some examples of recent information on adverse reactions
to marketed medicines are discussed in Annex 2....."

Content:

1 Introduction

2 Current situation
2.1 Problems with medicine treatment in children and adolescents around the world
2.2
Consequences of present status of the use of medicines in children (environmental aspects).
2.3 General risk factors that predispose children to develop an adverse reaction to a medicine (medical aspects)
2.4 Differences between paediatric populations and adults
2.5
The need for additional, independent studies on the development of paediatric medicines
2.6 Current legal and regulatory framework .
2.7
Consequences of the lack of studies of medicines development in children and authorization of paediatric medicines

3
The essential role of safety monitoring in the life-cycle of a medicine.
3.1 Pre-marketing assessment of medicine safety
3.2
Post-marketing monitoring of medicine safety for medicines already on the market including those used “off-label”
3.3
Benefit-to-risk considerations in children

4 Medication errors.
4.1
Increased risk of medication errors in children
4.2
Incidence of medication errors .

5 Primary responsibility of stakeholders

6
Guidance: measures to be taken.
6.1
Improvement of awareness among stakeholders
6.2
Methods, approaches and infrastructure for an effective system for medicine safety monitoring at the national level.
6.3
Implementation of methods and structural changes for effective monitoring of medicine safety at the national level
6.4
Impact measurement and audit

7 Measures to be taken by WHO.
References
Annex I Annex 2

 

 

*...*...*...*...*...*     
This message from the Pan American Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, is part of an effort to disseminate
information Related to: Equity; Health inequality; Socioeconomic inequality in health; Socioeconomic
health differentials; Gender; Violence; Poverty; Health Economics; Health Legislation; Ethnicity; Ethics;
Information Technology - Virtual libraries; Research & Science issues.  [DD/ IKM Area] 

“Materials provided in this electronic list are provided "as is". Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings
and interpretations included in the Materials are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Pan American
Health Organization PAHO/WHO or its country members”.

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EQUITY List - Archives - Join/remove: http://listserv.paho.org/Archives/equidad.html

    IMPORTANT: This transmission is for use by the intended recipient and it may contain privileged, proprietary or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient or a person responsible for delivering this transmission to the intended recipient, you may not disclose, copy or distribute this transmission or take any action in reliance on it. If you received this transmission in error, please notify us immediately by email to infosec@paho.org, and please dispose of and delete this transmission. Thank you.